Review Of The Book By Seth Godin - 1179 Words

The book I choose to review was called Tribes: we need you to lead us. Which was by written by Seth Godin. The book was published by the Penguin Group in 2008 and is only 151 pages long. Although the book is eight years old it still has relevance to today’s business world. â€Å"Tribes: We Need You to Lead Us,† is basically a huge motivational speech from Godin that pushes people to find the willingness to be a leader. He uses small sub topic paragraphs to offer self-help advice and a call to action to those who want to lead and make a change. People will either love the book or hate the book in my opinion. Seth Godin is a great author who has written 18 bestselling books that have been translated in thirty five languages across the world. He is one of the world’s most popular business blogger and is the founder and CEO of the social networks Yoyodyne and Squidoo. He also has his own blog and was one of the three inductees for the direct marketing hall of fame in 2013. He is well known for his four book launch on Kick-starter that accomplished the company goal within 3 hours. Godin definitely knows a thing or two about business and he is definitely a credible leader to take advice from. Most of Godin’s topics circulate around the way ideas spread, quitting, marketing, leadership and mostly on how we can change things all around us. So if you know of anybody who wants to positively lead or change then this is a good book for them. To make a short story shorter, Godin created thisShow MoreRelatedAll Marketers Are Liars by Seth Godin: Book Review1689 Words   |  7 PagesOF MARKETING APPLICATION ON BOOK REVIEW OF â€Å"ALL MARKETER’S ARE LIARS† SUBMITTED TO All Marketers Are Liars† Introduction With that provocative title and opening salvo, well known author, marketing expert and business blogger Seth Godin takes the reader on another landmark journey into the marketing field. After reading All Marketers Are Liars, your approach to marketing, advertising, and your own buying habits will never be the same again. While Seth Godin begins with the disarming premiseRead MoreSummary Of Tribes By Seth Godin1007 Words   |  5 PagesAfter reading the book, â€Å"Tribes†, I was exposed to a whole new way of thinking and leading. Seth Godin did a great job of explaining what a tribe is and how to build your own. I was thoroughly pleased with how he explained the history of the tribes as well as different techniques on how to improve your tribe. He also included very inspirational quotes that can be used to relate to everyday life. Some key concepts he taught in his book was characteristics of a good leader and characteristics of aRead MoreThe Life and Achievements of Margar et Eleanor Atwood Essay1687 Words   |  7 PagesNovember 18th, 1939 in the Ottawa General Hospital. Two and a half months after the beginning of the Second World War (Atwood). She is a renowned novelist and poet; furthermore writer of short stories, critical studies, screenplays, radio scripts and books for children (Gale). Margaret Atwood is a living inspiration to many writers today. Atwood is a fiction, and non-fiction writer. She was born with an inspiration to write, and she grew with the potential to become one of the most amazing Canadian writersRead MoreWhich Factors Make Advertising Effective?5109 Words   |  21 PagesEUROPEAN BUSINESS SCHOOL LONDON REGENT’S COLLEGE FALL TERM 2012 Which factors make advertising effective? A marketing literary review based on the Hierarchy of Effects, with a focus on the role of Music in Advertising Report by Onofri S. S00603638 Word Count: 2364 Supervisor Prof. Gordon Bowen Advertising and Media in the Marketing Environment (MKT5A5) 1 Summary Abstract †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦......... Introduction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 1 2 A Basic Condition †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreCustomer Satisfaction And Employee Loyalty1787 Words   |  8 Pagesdo business with people they like. If all other factors are equal, atmospherics will play a big role in whether the business will be successful or not. Sensory Channels for Perceived Atmosphere According to Berry Berman and Joel Evans in their book entitled, â€Å"Retail Management: A Strategic Approach†, there are four elements that join together to create the retail environment –the outside of the store, which include entrances, parking availability, and other adjacent stores; the interior of theRead MoreCase Study on Amazon.Com1785 Words   |  8 Pagesif the visitor buys a product. However, at the beginning of 2009, Amazon.com decided to terminate PPC referral commissions to its North American Associates for paid search traffic. In an email sent to all Associates, Amazon.com said, â€Å"After careful review of how we are investing our advertising resources, we have made the decision to no longer pay referral fees [that] send users †¦. through keyword bidding and paid search.† Time will tell how the North America Associates program reacts to this changeRead Moreben sherman Essay13816 Words   |  56 Pageson the site, and stick to it. Whenever I mention this idea, someone usually says, â€Å"But what about soand-so? They publish whenever they want.† My response is to ask, â€Å"Are you Seth Godin?† If yes, keep doing what you’re doing and write another 3,000 thought-provoking posts for the rest of us. But assuming you aren’t Seth, setting a publishing schedule will help you communicate that you are serious about your project. You’re in it for the long-haul, and you’re not going to give up on the followersRead Moredigital marketing impact on consumer buying behavior13654 Words   |  55 Pagesattributes of online consumption behavior. Consumer choice in goal directed behavior is based on a clearly definable goal hierarchy, which involves choices among products and services, information sources, and navigational alternatives (e.g. ordering a book). Consumer choice in experiential behavior is dominated by choices among navigational alternatives based on a relatively unstructured and continually changing goal hierarchy (e.g. net surfing). Consumers’ perceptions of interactivity and its effectsRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 PagesEDITOR George Hoffman Lise Johnson Carissa Doshi Dorothy Sinclair Matt Winslow Amy Scholz Carly DeCandia Alana Filipovich Jeof Vita Arthur Medina Allison Morris This book was set in 10/12 New Caledonia by Aptara ®, Inc. and printed and bound by Courier/Westford. The cover was printed by Courier/Westford. This book is printed on acid-free paper. Copyright  © 2009, 2006, 2004, 2001, 1998, 1995, 1992, 1989, 1986, 1981, 1976 John Wiley Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication

Genetic Engineering Genetically Modified Food - 2218 Words

Genetic Modification Genetic modification, also known as genetic engineering is defined as the direct manipulation of an organism’s genome with use of biotechnology. A modern reoccurring issue of today’s society is the production of genetically modified food (GMO). Genetically modified foods are foods that are produced from organisms that have altered DNA through the use of genetic engineering techniques. These particular methods of genetic engineering give way for the introduction of new traits while also controlling traits. The commercial sale of genetically modified foods first began in 1994. Introduced to society was the infamous delayed-ripening tomato (CITE). In today’s world, majority of food modifications have mainly focused on†¦show more content†¦Upon the completion of adequate plants, these plants are run through field tests. If the tests are deemed a success, the producer of the plant applies for approval to grow and market the crop. If approved, the seeds of the new strain are sold to farmers. Farmers then plant, harvest, cultivate and ultimately, sell the crop. Both livestock and poultry are raised on animal feed, which is food given to domestic animals during the process of care and management by humans for profit. The animal feed is composed of the remaining processed crops, which also contains the leftover genetically modified crops. According to the GMO Compass, test have not yet been able to establish a difference in the milk, meat, or eggs of animals depending on the type of feed they are fed. As of 2013, there have not been any genetically modified animals used as food. According to the Federal Register, there is a genetically modified salmon awaiting regulatory approval. Through a process called Pharming, animals usually used for food production have been modified in order to make non-food products. A consequence to the mass production of genetically modified crops is of course, controversy. The controversial dispute relates to the usage of both foods and goods that Vinson 4 have originated from genetically modified crops. The debate involves farmers, regulators, activists, consumers, non-governmental organizations, scientists, and biotechnology companies. The arguments posed amongst

Philosophy †Design Argument (with Plan) Free Essays

(b) The world appears designed, so God exists. Discuss. (30 marks) Plan: * DO NOT GO INTO ONE ABOUT GOD’S EXISTENCE!!! * Purpose and design appears to exist in nature * Mathematical formulas in nature * Gases in atmosphere * Evolution * If we were made in the image of god, then why are we such a new species and how come we didn’t exist from the beginning of time * Furthermore, why are we the only known humans on this planet and why if god was the creator has he made it so we are not suited for other planets? Let us assume that it is true to say that there is a clear existence of purpose and design in nature, the question is whether or not the existence of purpose and design implies the existence of God. We will write a custom essay sample on Philosophy – Design Argument (with Plan) or any similar topic only for you Order Now The design that is apparent in the world can certainly be shown not to be the work of God, or at least God as an omnipotent (he can do anything), omniscient (he knows everything), omnipresent (He is everywhere) being. It seems that everything around us is some small cog in a large piece of clockwork that has been intricately designed for all aspects of the planet to coincide and work with each other. The main strengths of the teleological argument are that the conditions of the world are so perfect for us to live in that it must have been designed. Evidence is everywhere. One can use the William Paley’s watchmaker theory in support. Which states that: if you’re walking along the beach and find a watch you don’t assume it’s there by accident. You know someone must have made it due to how intricate the interior and it showing evidence of design; this is the same with the world. One of the most obvious forms of design is the Fibonacci sequence which appears in nature repeatedly; the mathematical pattern can be seen in snail shells and petals of a plant. It seems like this formula was the template for the production of nature, it surely cannot be coincidence that it appears in so many different aspects? Yet maybe it is man that has just made this theory up and is in fact finding patterns where they do not exist, it does seem likely due to man’s attempt at rationalising everything. Hersh/Davies illustration of mathematizing the world; insert here) This is just like the Parable of the Gardener an idea where two people go on holiday and leave their garden. When they come back one of them thinks the garden has gotten overgrown and has been neglected, whereas the other sees evidence that a gardener must have been tending to it. It is an example of how people can look at the same evidence yet come to different conclusions. The parable of the gardener shows h ow two people can view the same thing but interpret it in completely different ways. This can be seen by contrasting the way a theist views the world and the way an evolutionary scientist views the world. The theist sees evidence of design, whereas the scientist sees evidence of evolution. It has long been demonstrated how natural selection can simulate the appearance of design; in short, you do not require a designer, design can be the result of a process. If we consider products such as an iPhone, we notice that the product has evolved technologically over time. Yet it most certainly had a designer. Therefore, we can see that evolution is not necessarily at odds with creation. It could be the case that the world was designed, by a designer, but has been â€Å"upgrading† through a process of evolution and natural selection ever since. The problem with this view for the theist is that the theist wants to assert that God is omni-omni-omni, and therefore would have got it right first time and would not have created an imperfect world that needs to improve itself through evolution. Yet for the agnostics this is a difficult point to comprehend as there is no proof of a god or designer. Yet as far back as the 13th century Thomas Aquinas argued that articles of faith can’t be scientifically proven and that it’s a mistake to try. It seems that the argument of the existence of god is the creation of man himself. There are some serious discrepancies between the bible and version of events known to all and the empirical evidence. According to biblical sources, man was made in god’s image on the sixth day of creation. Yet science and empirically backed sources make it clear that the existence of the human race is relatively new and was certainly not ‘formed’ at the time of the earth’s creation. The theists can argue that the bible is not meant to be taken literally, but that God still created the world, only not in six days in the way described in the biblical story. Furthermore, if humans are the ‘divine’ race then surely their existence would be found on other planets, which currently there is no evidence of whatsoever. Michael Behe came up with the Irreducible Complexity, an argument designed to counter evolution. He argues that there are things in the world (such as bacterial flagellum and the human eye) that are so complex, they couldn’t have just arisen by chance: they must have been designed for the purpose they fulfil. Yet, the human eye is not, actually, that well designed. It is back to front for one thing! So perhaps arguments such as these are not well supported when the subject in favour is greatly flawed. Perhaps then, the Fibonacci sequence is a mere act of chance that has been evolved through natural selection as the best form of survival. However, this is too vague and does not quite explain how such a complex form of maths just ‘evolved’ repeatedly within nature. Again this is a clear indication of design and must prove that there has been planning within the planet, and on a larger scale within the universe. After all, there are solar systems which survive due to the most fragile balance of gravity, these could easily have not worked and it is of such small chances that it has. Hume often compared the universe to a vegetable, something that grows of its own accord if the environment is right; there have been examples of ‘failed’ planets just as there are sometimes failed crops. This leads onto the delicate mix of gases within earth’s atmosphere that sustain life. If any one of these gases was to change its ratio, the consequences would be catastrophic, causing the likely extinction of life within the planet. Many marvel at the slim chances that our planet is the way it is, yet they seem to forget that there have been periods of millions of years where there has been no such life due to the mix of gases being wrong, or temperatures being too extreme. However, having said this there must be design. Perhaps not in the universe as we know so little about it, but at least within the planet. It is not necessarily true that the designer is perfect, as of course there are flaws yet the sheer detail of every item in nature is so intricate that it makes one question its design and if something had a role in creating it. Conclusion: there was a designer, but that designer was not (an omni-omni-omni) God How to cite Philosophy – Design Argument (with Plan), Essays

Modern Portfolio Theory and Investment Analysis †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Modern Portfolio Theory and Investment Analysis. Answer: Introduction: This report has been presented to analyze the fundamental as well as technical analysis briefly. For conducting this report, capital land limited and Singapore airlines limited has been considered for this report. For making a portfolio of both of this company, technical analysis has been done over Capital land limited and fundamental analysis has been done over Singapore airlines Limited. Technical analysis is a method to analyze the investment decision in a security or a portfolio. This method looks over the supply and demand of securities and makes the decision accordingly whereas fundamental analysis is a method to analyze the investment decision in a security or a portfolio. This method looks over the financial statement of the company to make the decisions about investment and divestment. It looks over the fair value of firm while technical analysis expects that share price would depict entire position and strength of the company. Literature review: The Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) is based on an initiative of a theory which is random walk theory, It is used to differentiate a price sequence, where the previous price get alter then the current share price of a particular stock. The random walk ideas logic depict that if the information flow is unchecked and the information have a quick reflection over the stock prices, then the price change on tomorrow would depict only news about tomorrow and it would also be independent in concern to todays price changes. Furthermore news at this time would by impulsive and therefore price changes should be impulsive and casual. As an outcome, the share prices would fully reflect all the new information and still unaware investors trading a diversified portfolio over the price in the market and would get a rate of return as liberal as that attained by the experts. According to Schlichting (2013), fluctuations in the stock price are free from each other and they also have the similar probability distribution. The prices of a stock are normally known as unpredictable and random. It has been argued by Phillips and Stawarski, (2016), that the market and the stocks might be just as arbitrary as tossing a coin while Madura, (2014) has depicted into a study that stock prices roughly explain random walks throughout a time: the changes in the prices are impulsive since they take place only in reaction to authentically new information whereas according to a fact it is quite new. Further, the behavioural Finance is just a study over the investor market behaviour which derives from psychosomatic principles of making the decision. It is normally used to explain that why investors sell or buy a product. This concept of behavioural science is related to the cognitive psychology theory which depicts about the human decision making process and also depict the user about the financial market economics (Kurth, 2013). This concept focuses upon how shareholders interpret and proceed on information to make a decision about informed investment. It has been analyzed through a study by Palicka, (2011) that Investors do not constantly act in a normal, conventional and an impartial manner. This concept of behavioral finance depicts about an emphasis upon shareholder behavior leading to a variety of market irregularity. According to Krantz, (2016), Behavioral Finance is a study about psychology that how it affects the financial decision process and the financial market of a s hareholder and a state respectively. According to Kinsky, (2011), behavioral finance is a simple and good concept to make a better decision about investment. Moreover it has been stated by Elton et al, (2009) that Behavioral finance is the study of the pressure of psychology on the practitioners behavior in concern of finance and the successive effect on financial markets. Further it has been analyzed that some financial belongings are probable to depend upon the shareholders less balanced behavior that results from prejudices, psychosomatic variables and heuristics. According to the EMH, the financing markets are informational efficient. Every individual could have entre to obtainable information and as an outcome; the news of investment could not be subjugated. Though, the exact hypothetical replica has generated substantial debate in concern of 2 concepts which are access and availability. From a hypothetical view, it is quite easy for every individual to have an access for collecting the information about the market; while if it put into practice than it do not take place. Daily custom and diverse lifestyles entail diverse accessible time and technique to have admittance to information about the market (Baker and Nofsinger, 2010). Often, in the processes of investment, information is obtainable only to a partial group of shareholders or it is obtainable to speculators long before it turns into obtainable to the common community. Therefore, the people who have the knowledge about the EMH, must work in an efficient manner. Apart from all the ot her significant factors, the information is quite compulsory for every shareholder to maintain and make the decision accordingly. The methods which have been used to examine the securities and formulate the investment results fall into two groups: fundamental analysis and technical analysis. In the investment processes, for preserving a long association with the company and invest the amount for a longer period, fundamental analysis is a good choice for an investor. In other words, when an investor is trying to assess the financial data, he or she tends to shape an image of the corporation to be incorporated in their portfolios and they afterward foster an assurance relationship with the company (Ackert and Deaves, 2009). In the circumstance of EMH, fundamental analysis has been replaced by the semi strong model form efficiency. Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) disagrees with the emphasis which has been placed by the technical analysis on analyzing over the prices direction through the past market data study and it also suggests that investment procedures should be connected with current prices and market information. In result, the historical development and direction of a corporation or investment procedure are absolutely reflected on their collision on investment decision process. Past market data and charts should not be in the main focus of investigate or this depicts to attain high returns, but they must not be simply delighted as recollections. However, the principle that history repeats itself? economy runs in a circle have been strappingly highlighted for the investors and individuals. As already it has been stated that Behavioral Finance is a framework with interdisciplinary that combines the elements from sociology, history anthropology and psychology. Consequently its theoretical viewpoints are more complex, in difference to Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) that mischaracterized as a quite simplified or inexperienced approach. The potential costs for investors, though, are quite serious. In distinction, Behavioral Finance, on explanation of its complex and inventive nature does not appear to be extensively accepted by the mass of the investing group of people as a minute. though the fact that decision making in concern of investing is significantly make possible by a variety of considerations included in BF from other regulations is favorable to ornamental its position and setting up its supremacy over customary financial paradigms. Rational and methodology: For this portfolio, 20 companies have been taken into consideration for making 2 portfolios on the basis of technical and fundamental basis, technical analysis has been done over first 10 companies and fundamental analysis has been done over rest. Technical analysis has been done to analyze the data of the company which depict that this company is a better option to invest on the basis of its securitys demand and supply in the market. Further, it has been analyzed that this fundamental analysis has been done to analyze the data of the company on the basis of its financial statement of last 5 year. It has been analyze through conduction the analysis on 20 companies that this portfolio would offer a great return to the investor. It has been found through this study that this portfolio is the best portfolio for the investor to invest 100000 Singapore dollars in the Singapores FTSE companies. In fact both the fundamental and technical methods could be said to be corresponding to each other. Fundamental analysis effects in stocks selection that are quite strong in terms of companys financial performance while the technical analysis offers for stocks selection which are presenting growth in the share price though, financial performance might not has been good. For this report, it has been found that the CapitaLand Limiteds stock is financial strapping as the profit margin ratio of the company is 22.66% (Yahoo finance, 2017). Additionally, another stock are also available there which comprised in the portfolio shaped according to the fundamental analysis which is Courts Asia Limited with the ROE of 8.83% (Yahoo finance, 2017). Therefore, fundamental analysis would be good in relation of their financial performance amongst the studied stocks. Further, it has been analyzed that the stocks on which investment analysis has been done are offering the good price in the market (Pal icka, 2011). It has been considered as a better option to choose both the techniques of stock selection since it would result in sensible choices and the outcome of the study would be significant. Therefore, for current investigation, 2 portfolios have been shaped where one includes 10 stocks selected which are based on fundamental analysis and the former one includes 15 stock selected which are based on technical analysis. The fundamental analysis over the companies has been analyzed with the DDM (dividend discount method) and PE method as these methods are considered as the most appropriate technique. In regards to this report, the stock named by Global Logistic Properties Ltd has been taken into consideration to analyze the share: Dividend Discount Model DDM model has been used to calculate the stocks intrinsic value by taking concern of the expected dividend. The intrinsic value of company is as below: Dividend Discount Model Dividend expected 0.06 Growth rate 3% Discount rate 5.26% Intrinsic Value 2.57 It has also been observed that the Global Logistic Properties Ltds intrinsic value is SGD 2.57 which has been evaluated after applying DDM (Madura, 2014). Though, the stocks current market price is SGD2.68 (Yahoo finance, 2017). This entails that the stock has been overvalued. PE Multiple Model The Global Logistic Properties Ltds intrinsic value has been calculated by applying PE Model (Madura, 2014): PE Multiple Model Industry PE ratio 28.30 EPS of CapitaLand Limited 0.14 Intrinsic Value 3.96 The stocks intrinsic value as shown is SGD 3.96 that is quite higher than shares current market price which is SGD2.68 (Yahoo finance, 2017). Therefore stock is undervalued. Analysis of a Stock from Technical Portfolio While conducting the technical analysis, most common and effective methods are line chart and moving average for the analysis (Kinsky, 2011). The Chip Eng Seng Corporation Limiteds stock has been evaluated by applying the above discussed 2 methods: It has been observed from the above method trend line chart depict that the stocks price of Chip Eng Seng Corporation Ltd has elevated higher and higher above the period. Therefore, if this trend would be relied than it could be said that investing in this share would be worth. The Chip Eng Seng Corporation moving average has been established to be SGD 0.7264 (Appendix). The moving average could be taken into the consideration as the cut off stage which depicts that is the stocks price will go beyond this stage, the changes in the price would go higher and equally if the stocks price goes under this stage than the price of the stock would go less. Activities in Fundamental Portfolio In the fundamental portfolio, two activities are there. Under first activity, Global logistic Properties Ltds 700 shares have been traded @ S$2.78 per share on August 25, 2017. The stock of Global logistic Properties Ltd has been taken as the share price was on peak and the profits could be at the maximum. More, in second activity, Wing Tai Holdings ltds 1044 shares were purchased on august 25, 2017 @ SGD $1.855 (Appendix). The total amount which has been received by selling of Global logistic Properties Ltds 700 shares of has been used in trading the stocks of Wing Tai Holdings ltd. Analyzing over the Wing Tai Holdings Limited through using the fundamental analysis, it has been calculated that the shares would rise in future and thats why the shares have been purchased. In the fundamental portfolio, two activities are there. Under first activity, SBS transit Ltds 800 shares have been traded @ S$2.56 per share on August 25, 2017. The stock of SBS transit Ltd has been taken as the share price was on peak and the profits could be at the maximum. More, in second activity, Chip Eng Seng corporation ltds 1044 shares were purchased on august 25, 2017 @ SGD $10.725 (Appendix). The total amount which has been received by selling of SBS transit limiteds 800 shares of has been used in trading the stocks of Chip Eng Seng Corporation limited. Analyzing over the Chip Eng Seng Corporation limited through using the technical analysis, it has been calculated that the shares would rise in future and thats why the shares have been purchased. Evaluation of Performance of both the Portfolios Through evaluating both the portfolios performance, it has been expressed that the portfolio-2 of technical analysis has been executed better than the portfolio-1 of fundamental analysis. The general return of second portfolio has been analyzed to be 57.79% which is quite greater than the first portfolio return of 12.18% (Appendix-2). Additional, it has been analyzed that both technical and fundamental analysis could not been beaten by the market as the holding period return of first portfolio has remained inferior to the expected market return of 5%. However, the second portfolio beaten the market by making higher return than the expected return of the market. Conclusion: Thus through this report, it could be concluded that both the portfolios are performing well and the trading had taken place twice in both the portfolios according to the market changes and for the profitability of the company. References: Ackert, L. and Deaves, R. 2009. Behavioral Finance: Psychology, Decision-Making, and Markets. Cengage Learning. Baker, H.K. and Nofsinger, J.R. 2010. Behavioral Finance: Investors, Corporations, and Markets. John Wiley Sons. Elton, E.J., Gruber, M.J., Brown, S.J., and Goetzmann, W.N. 2009. Modern Portfolio Theory and Investment Analysis. John Wiley Sons. Kinsky, R. 2011. Charting Made Simple: A Beginner's Guide to Technical Analysis. John Wiley Sons. Krantz, M. 2016. Fundamental Analysis for Dummies. John Wiley Sons. Kurth, S. 2013. Critical Review about Implications of the Efficient Market Hypothesis. GRIN Verlag. Madura, J. 2014. Financial Markets and Institutions. Cengage Learning. Palicka, V.J. 2011. Fusion Analysis: Merging Fundamental and Technical Analysis for Risk-Adjusted Excess Returns. McGraw Hill Professional. Phillips, P.P. and Stawarski, C.A. 2016. Data Collection: Planning for and Collecting All Types of Data. John Wiley Sons. Schlichting, T. 2013. Fundamental Analysis, Behavioral Finance and Technical Analysis on the Stock Market. GRIN Verlag. Yahoo finance. 2017. SBS transit Limited: Key Statics. [Online]. Available at: https://sg.finance.yahoo.com/quote/SBVV.SI/history?p=SBVV.SI [Accessed on: 28 Aug 2017]. Yahoo finance. 2017. Chip eng Seng corporation limited: Key Statics. [Online]. Available at: https://sg.finance.yahoo.com/quote/C29.SI/history?p=C29.SI [Accessed on: 28 Aug 2017]. Yahoo finance. 2017. Global Logistic Properties Limited. [Online]. Available at: https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/MC0.SI/profile?p=MC0.SI7 [Accessed on: 28 Aug 2017].

Insecticides Essays - Endocrine Disruptors, Biocides, Antiandrogens

Insecticides An insecticide is used to kill insects. There are many kinds of insecticides, but organic insecticides are the most commonly used (World Book, 1999). Organic insecticides are split into three different categories: Chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides, organophosphate insecticides, and carbamate insecticides (World Book, 1999). In this paper, I'll explore how toxic each of these insecticides are, how they affect wildlife, humans, and the environment, and what we can do to help. WHY USE INSECTICIDES? Some insects, like white flies and mosquitoes, can carry deadly diseases that affect crops, animals and humans. Insects can cause about 5.5 billion dollars in crop and live stock losses every year. Some of the diseases they cause are Cattle Fever and Sheep Scab. The insecticides are used to kill insects and protect livestock (World Book, 1999). Insecticides can also be used on flea treatments for cats, dogs, and other animals (Ackerman, 1996). WHAT ARE ORGANIC INSECTICIDES? Organic Insecticides are the most commonly and widely used insecticides. They are synthetic substances made from carbon, hydrocarbon insecticies, organophosphate insecticides (World Book 1999). Chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides, also know as "organic chlorines", contain chlorine atoms (World Book 1999). Common members of this group are Acaralate, Acarol, Aldrin, BHC, Chlordance, Chlorobenzilate, DDT, dicofol, dieldrin, endosulfan, endrin, heptachlor, kepone, lindane, methoxychlor, mirex, perthen, TDE, and toxaphene (Hamm 1982). They're persistant because after being used once, they can still affect living things for several years. This is because they don't break down chemically so they're found in soil, animal and fish tissue, plants, and water (Hamm, 1982). These, and all persistant insecticides, are trying to be replaced and restricted because they kill bird, fish, and other animals (World Book, 1999). Organophospahte Insecticides contain phosphorus atom (World Book, 1999). Common members of this group are Abate, azinphosethyl, azinphosmethyl, Bidrin, bromophos, bromophosethyl, carbophenothion, and chlorfenvinphos (Hamm, 1982). They are used on food because they don't leave harmful deposits behind (World Book, 1999). This is because the breakdown rapidly into harmless components. They also break down in the presence of water. They have less environmental danger than chlorinateed hydrocarbons which is why they've almost replaced them for side scale usage (Hamm 1982). However, they are poisoness to people. One type of organophosphate, paratheion, is used to kill mites and aphids on fruit trees and vegetables. Another kind, malathion, are less dangerous to apply, so they're widely used by farmers ( World Book, 1999). Carbonates are the last kind of organic insecticide. They are made from carbamic acid which is CO2NH3 (Hamm, 1982). They also contain one or more amino groups that are of one nitrogen atom and two hydogen atoms. They don't leave harmful deposits in food but some are harmful to warm blooded animals (World Book, 1999). Common members of this group are aldicarb, BUX, carbaryl, carbofuran, dimetilan, formetanate, methiocarb, methiocarb, methomyl, propoxur, and zectran. These are relatively new and might eventually replace organophosphates (Hamm, 1982). HOW TOXIC ARE THEY? Carbamates contain the insecticide Sevin. Sevin has a low toxicity. It is effective against many insects that are resistant to other pesticides. Caramates also include the insectide Baygon, or Propoxar. Propoxar is highly toxic and has a long residual life. It's effective against cockroaches, ticks, and other difficult insect and arachnid species (Hamm, 1982). Carbamates don't leave harmful deposits in food ( World Book, 1999). The Chlorinated Hydrocarbon contain the insecticide DDT. DDT is moderately toxic and was once one of the most widely used insecticides but are now greatly restricted because it stays in soil and in water food chans (Hamm, 1982). They also endanger animals like birds and fish and they contaminate the food that people eat. Since 1972, the U.S. Government phased out all use of DDT, but it's still used in other countries (World Book, 1999). Organophosphates and carbamates carry some of the same risks. They are both commonly used and both have a high incidence of acute toxicity in animals and humans. Both insecticides are used in flea treatments for pets. They're more dangerous than the other commonly used insecticides like pynethrins and pyrethoids. Symptoms of insecticide poisoning include: pinpoint pupils, blurred vision, tightness in chest, sweating, excessive tear production, salivation, nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, and diarrhea. Cardio vascular and neurological problems can also occur. 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May also brings other authors and theologians into his comparative analysis including: Martin Rhonheimer, Joseph Fuchs, Richard Gula, Charles Curran and Timothy OConnell among many others. May fearlessly pits their views on moral theology against Aquinas Summa , Veritatis Splendor and the documents from Vatican II, especially when sorting out the complex definitions of natural law. Although fearless in his quest for fidelity to Roman Catholic tradition and the Magisterium, he is both thorough and contextually compassionate to the opposing ideas presented by the revisionists and proportionalists, pointing out their positive contributions as well as their serious theological flaws. May is not timid and he quickly rejects their infidelity to the foundation al underpinnings of Roman Catholic theology while simultaneously attempting to understand why they have chosen a contrary stance to Aquinas, Veritatis Splendor, or similar post Vatican II magisterial interpretations. Human Dignity and Free Human Action In Mays first edition, he listed two kinds of human dignity stating, According to Catholic tradition, as found in Aquinas and in the teachings of Vatican Council II, there is a twofold dignity proper to human beings: one is intrinsic and an endowment or gift; the other is also intrinsic, but is an achievement or acquisition.  [1]  Referring to Dignitatis Humane, which was published in 1965, but more notably, citing Veritatis Splendor, May is motivated to add a third kind of human dignity in his revision that he calls, [A] purely gratuitous gift from God himself, who gives this to us when, through baptism, we are re-generated as Gods very own children and given the vocation to become holy, even as the heavenly Father is holy, and to be co-workers with Christ, his collaborators in redeeming the world. This dignity is a treasure entrusted to us, and we can lose it by freely choosing to do what is gravely evil.  [2]   In keeping with his recognized mainstream Roman Catholic theology, May incorporates John Paul IIs renewed focus on moral absolutes, together with the theological virtues presented in Veritatis Splendor, and inculcates this vision into in his two revisions. May was already a proponent of Aquinas and he spends a great deal of time, devoting an entire section of his book on natural law in Aquinas as developed in the Summa Theologiae. He contrasts Aquinas with Ulpians definitions of natural law and then focuses on Aquinas teaching of natural law in the Summa Contra Gentiles. His Revised Edition adds a section on natural law from Vatican II and then in his Second Edition he also adds sections to his book to include the theology of John Paul II as well as Martin Rhonheimer. Mays theology is strong on moral responsibility and their resulting norms. One example is how he interweaves the teaching on natural law from Aquinas with the theology expressed by Grisez, Boyle and Finnis; concluding, It is the natural law which is perfected, fulfilled, [and] completed by the evangelical law of love, of a more-than-human kind of love, the love that God himself has for us. [When we are] concerned with our life as moral persons in Christ, we shall seek to know how the evangelical law of love fulfills and completes the natural law.  [3]   As already noted, May is not shy about identifying and attacking the revisionist theologians and pitting them against Veritatis Splendor and the teachings of the Magisterium. He reviews and sheds light upon the writings of a myriad of the post-Vatican II revisionists including: Louis Janssens, Josef Fuchs, Richard Gula, Richard McCormick, Timothy E. OConnell, Franz Bà ¶ckle, Charles E. Curran, Bernard Hà ¤ring, Franz Scholz, Peter Knauer, and Bruno Schà ¼ller. May defends moral absolutes using strong and carefully documented arguments as they are described in the Catechism of the Roman Catholic Church and Veritatis Splendor by John Paul II. He ultimately concludes, Revisionists, in their arguments based on the wholeness or totality of the human act, focus on the agents remote or ulterior end or further intention, i.e., on the good that the agent hopes to realize by choosing to do x here and now, or the evil that the agent hopes to avoid by choosing to do x here and now. But they fail to take seriously indeed, they even ignore the moral significance of the x that is chosen to realize this end and the fact that the agent freely wills this x as a chosen means, for it is the proximate end of his will act and the present intention that shapes his moral being. Revisionists are thus led to redescribe human actions in terms of their hoped-for results. [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] Secondly, it falsely redescribes actions in terms of their anticipated results and by doing so fails to reveal and at times even conceals what moral agents are in fact choosing and doing [emphasis added].  [4]   On Human Action and Virtue May provides a solid and clear understanding of human action and free choice. Mays first edition (1991) is virtually void of a discussion on the virtues. He does mention virtues and vices in his section, The Basic Understanding of Law in the Summa Theologiae, but his goal is targeted towards a discussion of goods and habits within Eternal Law and Natural Law. His revised (1994) and second (2003) editions add a section dedicated to the virtues. He reflects on Grisez, Aquinas and their discussion of virtue, but less as an instruction on the virtues and more as a response to Veritatis Splendors emphasis on the virtues and their importance and effect on free human action and formation of conscience in the moral life. May has a brief discussion on the Cardinal Virtues and specifically side-steps the Theological Virtues stating, I will not here consider his [Aquinas] teaching on the theological virtues of faith, hope, and charity and his teaching that, with charity, God infuses supernatural moral virtues of prudence, justice, fortitude, temperance, etc. These aspects of his teaching are well set forth by Romanus Cessario in The Moral Virtues and Theological Ethics and Virtue or the Examined Life. An excellent brief account of Thomass teaching on the virtues can be found in T. C. OBriens article on virtue in the New Catholic Encyclopedia.  [5]   Turning then to the Cardinal Virtues, May first reflects on Aquinas discussion of appetites and how they contribute to the formation of the Cardinal Virtues. 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The following passage from Grisez indicates the proper relationship between virtues and moral principles: What, he asks, is the connection à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ between moral principles and virtues? Do we have two distinct, perhaps even competing, approaches to morality an ethics of moral truth versus an ethics of virtue? Not at all. Take the Golden Rule. One who consistently chooses fairly and works consistently to carry out such choices is a fair person a person, that is, with the virtue of fairness or justice. A virtue is nothing other than an aspect of the personality of a person integrated through commitments and other choices made in accord with relevant moral norms derived from the relevant modes of responsibility. In other words: living by the standard of fairness makes a person fair.  [7]   This assertion of May also coincides with Veritatis Splendor and how John Paul II views human acts as moral acts and how they express the morality of the individual person. John Paul II states, Human acts are moral acts because they express and determine the goodness or evil of the individual who performs them. They do not produce a change merely in the state of affairs outside of man but, to the extent that they are deliberate choices, they give moral definition to the very person who performs them, determining his profound spiritual traits.  [8]   Natural Law, Central to Mays Moral Theology William May dedicates his longest chapter (chapter 3, of 55 pages) of his second edition (2003) on natural law. He concentrates on several areas of natural law, including the teachings of Aquinas, Ulpians definition, the Summa Contra Gentiles, Vatican II, the teaching of John Paul II, and the theology of Germain Grisez, John Finnis and Joseph Boyle. He also discusses areas of agreement between Rhonheimer and Grisez, Finnis, and Boyle and then turns to areas of disagreement between them and Rhonheimer. Finally he reviews the relationship between natural law and virtue. Kevin Flannery, who reviewed Mays 1994 revision for The Thomist, agrees and comments, The core of the book is chapter two in which May discusses the natural law theory of Thomas Aquinas and its development by Grisez, Finnis and Boyle. Anyone interested in a quick, accurate introduction to natural law theory as understood in its central tradition could do no better than to read these 63 pages.  [9]   Mays incorporation of Rhonheimers position on natural law did not come until the second edition was published in 2003. The core of his use of Rhonheimer supports Grisez et al. noting that as held by Aquinas, natural law is a work of practical reason. He opposes the moralists that deny moral absolutes and accepts that natural reason naturally apprehends the goods that are to be pursued and done. As May states, Rhonheimer agrees with Grisez et al. in holding that according to Aquinas and reality our knowledge of the truths of natural law is not derived from metaphysics or anthropology or any speculative knowledge. With them, he opposes those who maintain the opposite, explicitly acknowledging his debt to Grisez on this matter.  [10]   Rhonheimer disagrees with Grisez et al. in three major areas stated succinctly by May as, (a) the distinction between the perceptive-practical and descriptive-reflexive levels of practical reason; (b) the relationship between natural law and virtue; and (c) the movement from the first or common principles of natural law to its proximate or immediate conclusions.  [11]   May also notes additional disagreement of Rhonheimer with Grisez et al. and indicates that this is his own opinion as well, noting that Rhonheimer does not show how proximate conclusions are found to be true in light of prior principles. May states, Rhonheimer does not, however, explicitly show how the primary principles of natural law serve as premises in the light of which one can show the truth of the proximate and immediate conclusions. In this, he seems to follow Aquinas himself. As we have seen, Grisez, Finnis, and Boyle argue correctly in my opinion that one must show clearly how the so-called proximate conclusions are shown to be true in the light of prior principles.  [12]   In his revised editions, May includes a concise section on the teaching of John Paul II and most importantly as it is expressed in Veritatis Splendor. 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Here, is where the passage referring to Leo XIII, Libertas praestantissimum, 579, is encountered in the Catechism that states, The natural law is written and engraved in the soul of each and every man, because it is human reason ordaining him to do good and forbidding him to sin But this command of human reason would not have the force of law if it were not the voice and interpreter of a higher reason to which our spirit and our freedom must be submitted.  [16]   According to Mays convincing and methodical presentations, John Paul II, the Second Vatican Council, Grisez et al., Aquinas, and May himself all agree, natural law that is perfected, fulfilled, and completed by the evangelical law of love, of a more-than-human kind of love, the love that God himself has for us.  [17]   Moral Absolutes and the Battle with the Revisionists May contested the revisionists long before the appearance of Veritatis Splendor and the re-centering of Catholic moral theology on the precepts of Aquinas. 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Their claim is that reason, objectivity, and truth require that an action be evaluated as right or wrong only as a totality that includes all the circumstances and motivations, considered in relation to all the premoral (but morally relevant) goods and bads involved in that totality.  [22]   May then goes on to show that from this line of thinking the revisionist theologians including those he names: Franz Bà ¶ckle, Charles E. Curran, Josef Fuchs, Bernard Hà ¤ring, Louis Janssens, Richard McCormick, Timothy E. OConnell, Richard Gula, Franz Scholz, and Bruno Schà ¼ller, develop the theories of proportionate good, the preference principle, and the denial of moral absolutes. Another group of theologians sometimes called the minority report theologians including Germain Girsez, John Finnis, Joseph Boyle, and others, including William May himself, hold fast to the teachings of Aquinas, and defend moral absolutes. In the 2003 second edition of his book, May also points out that in their understanding of the object of a human act, the minority report theologians coincide with both the Catechism of the Catholic Church and John Paul II in Veritatis Splendor. May clearly states, With this understanding of the object of a human act in mind, it is easy to grasp John Paul IIs conclusion, namely, that One must reject the thesis, characteristic of teleological and proportionalist theories, which holds that it is impossible to qualify as morally evil according to its species its object the deliberate choice of certain kinds of behavior or specific acts, apart from consideration of the intention for which the choice is made or the totality of the foreseeable consequences of that act for all persons concerned [no. 79; cf. no. 82].  [23]   May clearly points out that in Veritatis Splendor, John Paul II refutes the teleologisms of consequentialism and proportionalism declaring that they, are not faithful to the Churchs teaching when they believe that they can justify, as morally good, deliberate choices of kinds of behavior contrary to the commandments of the divine and natural law'(cf. no. 75).  [24]   Morality and Sin May focuses on three major areas in his discussion of sin: (1) the core meaning of sin, (2) the distinction between mortal and venial sin and the basis of this distinction, and (3) the effect of sin on our moral life.  [25]   In his discussion on the core meaning of sin, he turns first to scripture, starting with the Old Testament. According to May, The Old Testament consistently regards sin as a wicked rebellion against the Lord.  [26]  Here he reflects on the words to describe sin such as unfaithfulness, adultery, foolishness, and abomination. Referring to Sirach, May states, The consistent teaching of the Old Testament is that sin is rooted in human freedom and consists in an abuse of Gods gift of free choice.  [27]  He then turns to David and Psalm 51 and highlights what he calls a beautiful summary of sin in the Old Testament with the passage, Have mercy on me, O God, according to thy steadfast love; according to thy abundant mercy blot out my transgressions (pesha). Wash me thoroughly from my iniquity (awon), and cleanse me from my sin (hatta t)! For I know my transgressions (pesha), and my sin (hattat) is ever before me. Against thee, thee only, have I sinned (hatta), and done that which is evil (ra) in thy sight (Ps 51: 1-4).  [28]   This is the source for the words used by the priest during Mass, when standing at the side of the altar, he washes his hands, saying quietly, Wash me, O Lord, from my iniquity and cleanse me from my sin.  [29]   Turning to the New Testament, May finds words to describe sin like harmatia and harmatma (freely chosen deeds or to choose to miss-the-mark), anomia (lawlessness), adikia (injustice), and skotos (dimmed eyesight or blindness). For May, these words show that sin is an opposition to the truth of God, to Jesus Christ who is the way, the truth, and the life to ones fellowmen, and to the truth of being a human person.  [30]   The third area that May discusses in his section on sin is Catholic moral tradition. He reflects on aspects of St. Augustine and Aquinas as well as Gaudium et Spes, and Dignitatis Humanae. He also considers some of the active theologians and their contrary views, including Keane, Curran, Hà ¤ring, McCormick, and others. True to Mays orthodox view of divine law, he understands that God directs all of creation with charity and wisdom. In this context he concludes, [T]he highest norm of human life is the divine law eternal, objective, and universal whereby God orders, directs, and governs the entire universe and all the ways of the human community by a plan conceived in wisdom and love. [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] Man has been made by God to participate in this law, with the result that, under the gentle disposition of divine providence, he can come to perceive ever more increasingly the unchanging truth (Dignitatis humanae, no. 3; cf. Gaudium et spes, nos. 16-17).  [31]   May then goes on to unfold a clear and articulate discussion of mortal sin and venial sin. He uses many sources including encyclical and magisterial pronouncements, scripture, council teachings, and especially observations from John Paul II. Within this context, he carefully considers and then clearly rejects the fundamental option theories. Finally, at the end of his chapter on sin, May refers his readers directly to the Catechism of the Catholic Church where he clearly embraces its definitions of sin, including mortal and venial sin, which states, God has consigned all men to disobedience, that he may have mercy upon all (Rom 11:32). Sin is an utterance, a deed, or a desire contrary to the eternal law (St. Augustine, Faust 22: PL 42, 418). It is an offense against God. It rises up against God in a disobedience contrary to the obedience of Christ. Sin is an act contrary to reason. It wounds mans nature and injures human solidarity. The root of all sins lies in mans heart. The kinds and the gravity of sins are determined principally by their objects. To choose deliberately-that is, both knowing it and willing it-something gravely contrary to the divine law and to the ultimate end of man is to commit a mortal sin. This destroys in us the charity without which eternal beatitude is impossible. Unrepented, it brings eternal death. Venial sin constitutes a moral disorder that is reparable by charity, which it allows to subsist in us. The repetition of sins-even venial ones-engenders vices, among which are the capital sins.  [32]   In his latest (2003) revised edition of An Introduction to Moral Theology, May includes an appendix to his book, Christian Moral Life and the Catechism of the Catholic Church. He refers his readers to the Catechism and this appendix often, pointing out that the prime source for most definitions within moral theology are best sought there. In his review of Mays book in the New Oxford Reviews, Justin Gullekson agrees with the observations above regarding Mays mainstream Roman Catholic position on sin and states, Sin and moral absolutes: These topics are taken up [by May] with gusto. The pastor, director of religious education or unsettled lay person will find Mays extensive treatment of these matters helpful, especially because he identifies certain theological positions with their corresponding expositors. This book battles the mess people make of their lives when they have been acting according to the false subjective norms of free choice (if it feels O.K., do it) and so-called conscience (if its not a sin for you, its no sin).  [33]   Jesus Christ, Our Moral Foundation May points out that Jesus Christ is central and foundational in Christian morality. He supports this with sections from Gaudium et Spes, Veritatis Splendor, scripture (especially from Pauls letters), and the Catechism of the Catholic Church. As he often does throughout his book, May then turns to articulated positions from Germain Grisez. He points to Grisezs threefold understanding of how Jesus divinizes humanity, producing union with God. The first is, our union with him in divine life as children of God, [the second is] the bodily union between Jesus and his faithful, the members of his Church [and the third is] unity between Christ and the Christian in human acts.  [34]   The sacraments, and especially the Eucharist within the Mass and Baptism are central to ones union with Christ and humanitys sharing in His sanctifying grace. The Mass is fully a participation in Christs act of salvation and Baptism is the bestowal of ones vocation to not only be within Gods family and a member of the Mystical Body of Christ, but also to assume a greater responsibility to live a moral life as a member of His Mystical Body. In alignment with Aquinas, Veritatis Splendor, and Grisez, May turns to a discussion of the beatitudes, and how they provide, modes of Christian response [to] specify ways of acting that mark a person whose will, enlivened by the love of God poured into his or her heart, is inwardly disposed to act with confidence à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ã‚  [35]   May turns again to Grisez. Here he enfolds the gifts of the Holy Spirit as found in Isaiah with the beatitudes producing eight modes of Christian response  [36]  as follows, 1. To expect and accept all good, including the good fruits of ones work, as Gods gift [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] 2. To accept ones limited role in the Body of Christ and fulfill it [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] 3. To put aside or avoid everything which is not necessary or useful in the fulfillment of ones personal vocation [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] 4. To endure fearlessly whatever is necessary or useful for the fulfillment of ones personal vocation [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] 5. To be merciful according to the universal and perfect measure of mercy which God has revealed in Jesus [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] 6. To strive to conform ones whole self to living faith, and purge anything which does not meet this standard [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] 7. To respond to evil with good, not with resistance, much less with destructive action [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] 8. To do no evil that good might come of it, but suffer evil together with Jesus in cooperation with Gods redeeming love -.  [37]   By digesting the beatitudes in this way, using Grisezs thoughts, May demonstrates how, in essence, the beatitudes are actually moral foundational norms or virtues for humanity provided directly by Christ. The Church, Teacher of the

Free Hamlet Essays: The Foils :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

Foils of Hamlet  Ã‚   Hamlet is a play about a young man who is seeking revenge for his father's death. In the process of doing so, different things happen and it becomes more and more of a complex plot. Throughout the play, we are introduced to many different foils. One of which is Laertes. Shakespeare chooses to portray Hamlet and Laertes differently although they are both so similar. Hamlet and Laertes are all in basically the same position. Both of their fathers have been killed and they are both looking to avenge those fathers' deaths. However, we see when we are reading that some characters are set up so that they gain more sympathy and such than others from the reader. For example, Shakespeare makes Laertes look like a "bad guy" because he wants to kill Hamlet but in essence, Hamlet is doing the same exact thing to Claudius. It is as if Shakespeare is saying that it is okay for Hamlet to kill but it isn't ok for Laertes to feel the need for revenge. Hamlet begins a soliloquy with the line, "How all occasions do inform against me and spur my dull revenge!" (Act IV, sc. IV, li. 32-33) It is like Shakespeare is trying to make it look like it is such a shame the Hamlet's plans aren't working out so well and that he isn't as stable as he wants to be. It is almost like Shakespeare wants to reader to take pity on Hamlet who is not such a genuine person. He has killed Polonius and some say he has killed Ophelia. Should people really pity him because his plans to kill his uncle aren't falling correctly into place? Shakespeare is almost trying to get the reader to do so. On the other hand, there is Laertes who is Hamlet's position. His father was killed, actually by Hamlet, and he is out to avenge that death. He is furious and passionate about it just like Hamlet is but it almost seems that when one is reading the play, they should think of Laertes as a "bad guy" and as the antagonist. Laertes says "It warms the very sickness in my heart that I shall live and tell him to his teeth, "thus did'st thou." (Act. IV sc.VII. li. 55-57) He is basically saying that he would make him so happy to kill Hamlet and to show his what he really did.

High Wire Essay

The living standards of an individual in any country depend on numerous factors. The economic conditions of that country, is one of the most important factor which influences the lives of the people living and working in the country. The changes in the economic conditions of country have a huge impact on the lives of people, as they affect their earning and spending capacity. One such country which is experiencing massive changes in its economy is America. America was regarded as a country where one can achieve his/her dream of an affluent and prosperous lifestyle but the recent economic situation in America tells another story. The book â€Å"High Wire: The Precarious Financial Lives of American Families† by Peter Gosselin deals with the economy of America and the changes it has undergone since 1970s. The author brings forth the affects of these changes on the financial lives of Americans. The changes in the economic policies of America have led to a situation in America where Americans are being deprived of financial security. Through his book, Gosselin throws light on the financial life of Americans which is becoming more and more insecure, owing to the shift of risk from the employers to employees, from the insurance companies to their clients and from the federal government to the American people. Financial Lives In the book â€Å"High Wire: The Precarious Financial Lives of American Families† by Peter Gosselin, the author focuses on the financial lives of Americans in the present times. He begins his book by pointing out the difference in the economic conditions in America and the financial lives of its people in the past and in the present times. In the period that followed World War II, Americans led a life of prosperity and affluence, owing to the favorable economic conditions in their country. â€Å"The first is that for most of the past quarter century, the United States has enjoyed the return of a resilient and growing prosperity that once seemed lost. † (Gosselin 1). But in present times, the financial lives of Americans have been affected by the changing economic scenario in their country. Even if they are leading a life of prosperity, they are insecure regarding their financial lives. â€Å"The second fact is that many of us, even the affluent among us -those with family income running into the hundreds dollars-have arrived at the new century increasingly uneasy, with a gnawing sense that our circumstances are changing in ways that leave us less secure. † (Gosselin 2). The lack of security is having a huge impact on the lives of Americans. After citing the economic situation, in which the Americans are leading their lives, the author goes on to analyze the reasons for this insecurity that is gripping Americans. The foremost reason he mentions in his book is related to the new economic policies which places the risk on the individuals instead of government. â€Å"In its place, wrapped in the economic doctrine of free markets and the moral precept of personal responsibility, stands a new first principle: Each of us is now expected to forge our own future, free to rise or fall as our talents or luck may dictate. † (Gosselin 4). In support of his claim, Gosselin provides numerous examples which prove the shift of risk from government, employers and insurance companies to the people. Insurance companies are taking advantage of the new economic policies and reducing the payments which are claimed by their clients. In such circumstances, American people are forced to bear their medical expenses, without any substantial support from their insurance companies. The concept that individuals or companies are responsible for their own financial conditions has led to the collapse of even big companies. â€Å"Within days, in September 2008, another investment bank, Lehman Brothers, was on the brink collapse†¦.. But Paulson under intense political pressure from Conservative Republicans in Washington to invoke moral hazard and let the company fail†. (Inside The Meltdown). Another factor that has greatly influenced the financial lives of Americans is the effect a job loss has on the work life of an individual. The unemployment benefits that a worker receives after a job have reduced drastically in the comparison to the times before a couple of decades ago. The author also brings forth the fact that a job loss leads to a greater drop in wages in present times. A worker, who has lost his job, is compelled to work on fewer wages on his next job, thereby leading to a drastic reduction in his/her spending capacity. Effects on Individuals The effects of the drastic changes in the socio-economic policies of America on individuals working and leading their lives in America are presented by Gosselin. He writes in his book that in present times, American people are more concerned about the problems they will face in their financial lives than the national problems. â€Å"Indeed, it has not been public events that sometimes awaken us and leave us tossing in bed. Instead, fleetingly, but recurrently, we have been night stalked by questions about our private lives. † (Gosselin 2). They are worried about their medical expenses, the cost of education of their children, the impact a job loss would have on their family. The author cites the examples of some individuals in his book to bring forth the impact the changed rules in American economy is having on American people. He writes about real people whose financial lives have been largely impacted owing to the new economic policies in their country. Individuals like Debra Potter had to bear the medical expenses on their own, as their insurance companies, taking advantage of the new economic policies, refused to pay them the proper amount of benefits liable to them. People received benefits from their insurance companies but they were insufficient enough to cover their medical expenses. A job loss turned the life of an individual upside down, like Coss who had to manage with meager unemployment benefits after losing his job as the Vice President of a reputed bank. â€Å"As Coss-tall, taciturn, with short-cropped almost military, hair- recounted what it was like to go from earning several thousand dollars a week to collecting a few hundred in unemployment benefits. † (Gosselin 6). With the aid of statistics, Gosselin proves his claim about the growing insecurity among the Americans regarding their financial lives. The changed economic conditions has created such a situation in America where financial lives of its people lack the security which is needed to stabilize them when they are effected by a job loss, medical expenses or college education. The government is not providing a security net where people can cope with the changes that new economic policies are having on their financial lives. People have to deal with these changes on their own. â€Å"Instead of joining together to solve problems, that affect the whole society, the heralds of the new approach say, more responsibility should be placed on individuals and families.† (Gosselin 5). Even though the number of people whose financial lives have changed owing to the new economic situation is less, these effected people are less likely to return to their former financial positions. â€Å"As with so much else about the present economy, the dangers are like rifle shots, hitting fewer targets but doing more lasting damage. † (Gosselin 54). The financial lives of Americans are being influenced by a number of factors. Through this book, Gosselin brings forth these factors and the impacts these factors are having on the way the Americans are managing their work lives and family expenses. Conclusion The author has put forth the current economic situation and the impact it is having on the financial lives of Americans in his book â€Å"High Wire: The Precarious Financial Lives of American Families†. Being an economics reporter, the author has succeeded in presenting the real picture of American economy and the insecurity experienced by American people regarding their financial lives. His book differs from other books written on this topic, for Gosselin has presented an accurate depiction of American economy in present times. He also brings forth the reasons which have led to insecure financial lives for the Americans. He holds the government and the companies responsible for this situation in America. But he fails to consider the other factors that are influencing the economic situation in America. He focuses only on the economic policies of American government and American companies, and ignores the impact of other countries on the American economy. The book has aided me in understanding the present economic condition of America and the risk its people are facing regarding their financial lives. It also made me aware of the negative impact the new policies are having on American economy. My thinking that the new economic policies were assisting in the economic development of the America was proved wrong after reading this book. The book can be helpful for economists as well as the common people of America, for it will inform them about the reasons for their insecure financial lives, and this information will assist them in voting for appropriate candidate during the Presidential elections.

Rainforest Preservation

Rainforest Tribe Awareness Rainforests have been on this planet for four hundred million years. They help out the earth by producing oxygen and disposing of carbon dioxide for our planet. By sucking up all of the carbon dioxide, the pollution on the planet is a lot lower than what it could be. The rainforests help maintain a balanced climate and without them global warming would increase. They hold many species of plants and animals and by destroying them we are killing possible cures to diseases as well as endangered animals we never knew existed.Companies and corporations, however, are taking down these rainforests at the rate of six thousand acres a day. At a progression like that how are we supposed to keep rainforests alive on this planet? The companies use the extra space from the newly harvested trees for cattle farms. Shockingly, the trees taken from the rainforest are mostly sold to the United Sates for hard wood flooring. Probably the most startling part about destroying ra inforests, however, is that we are killing the native and primitive tribes that still exist there.The indigenous tribes of the Amazon Rainforest have lived there since ancient times and are the most primitive group of people still alive in the twenty first century. Normal traditional tribes say to preserve the nature that’s in the forest and learn from what it has to teach us. Is desolating the rainforests and taking the native tribes land and using it as flooring in our homes ethical? I believe that something so unique and special needs to be preserved and cherished and not used for something so impractical.Even though rainforests are harvested for lumber and turned into cattle fields which can make an abundance of money, rainforests should not be destroyed because of the people that are living in them will die and suffer which is not tolerable because they are human beings as well and we can learn a lot from them about archaic times. First, Indians definitely want to mainta in their isolation from the real world, especially the tribes in Peru. When civilized people try to communicate with them I can imagine that they become seriously confused. They’ve never seen cameras, hiking boots or backpacks.Some tribes have never even heard the English language before. For these groups of Indians to survive in future generations, the Peruvian Government needs to stop the logging and destruction of the land that is on the Indians property. If this continues and the rainforest in Peru becomes completely annihilated, then chances are we are also wiping out the Indian tribes. Leaving these Indians in isolation seems like the best idea to me. As of right now, the tribes live as if it were the primitive days when cave men were just starting to evolve.Some tribes are so primitive that they still only use sticks and rocks as there tools to make everything with. For example, instead of wearing brand name material clothes they make all of it themselves, including to ols, baskets and so on just out of leaves, sticks and straw. They are very slow evolving tribes. Some only just discovered the wheel which is amazing and is proof to how primitive they are. They are so old fashioned that they don’t even have a number system besides one and two. Time is another fascinating item in indigenous Indian history. Their sense of time is extremely close to civilized nations.As of today, even the United States uses the Mayan calendar up to a point. It’s interesting to see how different cultures evolve and how some became highly advanced while others still live in the stone ages. â€Å"The men make bow and arrow, used for hunting and protection against threats to their people (Section 2 Freddy). † Since there is no such thing as a hospital for them, the rainforest is their main medical cabinet. They use whatever they can in the rainforest to survive. Also, many people are beginning to mention how the problem and the solution to rainforest destruction are both economic.The Rainforest is being destroyed for things like timber, cattle, and agriculture, but those things cannot sustain people for very long, so there is no point in taking them anyway. By destroying the rainforest it is affecting the people who live there. Other people make comments like â€Å"if the Government is giving a good reason not to destroy the rainforest then it could be saved, but as of right now it looks like we are on a road of destruction (Section 1 Company Information). † The local tribes of the rainforest harvest medicinal plants, fruits, nuts and oils and sell them to local places for some money.By destroying the rainforest you are in turn hurting the people that thrive off of it. If we continue to destroy the rainforest we may destroy an extremely important plant that the tribes use to cure an illness. We still need to find the cure for AIDS, cancer, diabetes, arthritis and Alzheimer's disease. â€Å"Scientists predict that since t he number of acres lost is so huge that around 130 species of plants and animals become extinct every single day. This means that we have probably already lost cures to diseases and illness’s (Section 1 Company Information). A tribe called the Yanomami smoke a hallucinogenic drug called yopo. Yopo is made up of leaves and vines and grinded together to be smoked. â€Å"Smoking it is painful at first until the hallucinogen kicks in (Hands around the World). † The Yanomami make up dances to what they are seeing and believe it is the spirit world. Dancing and rituals are very important to the Yanomami. They dance about their past, future, and to tell stories. How these people are more in touch with nature instead of electronics, like most civilized groups of people are baffles me.In the 1990’s, there was a survival campaign after half a tribe of Nahua indigenous Indians were wiped out due to Peru continuously going into the rainforest for oil exploration, logging, a nd natural resource extraction. Thankfully, the campaign seemed to work quite well. However, since the campaign, the Indians are safe and away from people. As long as the government recognizes that they have to help these people by stopping the destruction of rainforests then everything should work out in the end. Jeff Tollefson is a reporter for the Nature Magazine.He travels around to different places including rainforests to report to people about what is going on there. On several occasions, Tollefson has visited the Amazon Rainforest to report on it. When he first visited it he reported on deforestation. He concluded that â€Å"deforestation causes fifteen percent of global greenhouse gas emissions and seventy five percent of Brazil's (Section Deforestation). † Fortunately, a new law came around that says that land owners have to keep forest on eighty percent of the land. They will however, give exemptions to smaller land owners.Jeff adds that â€Å"if people donâ€℠¢t obey the law that there may be a new wave of deforestation (Section Law). † This could definitely lead to future problems, for example, killing off native tribes that live around the area that is being destroyed. Luckily, Brazil has begun a new Forest Code which now is being enforced very strictly. According to the new and updated code, trees can’t be cut down on property that is owned by the government. This is going to be very helpful for any tribe living in the forest, as long as the code is followed. Nevertheless, people are still not obeying it, which is unfortunate.Keeping people from cutting down Amazon Rainforest trees should become one of Brazil’s main goals. If they can accomplish that then we can keep tribes, plants, and animals from going extinct and lower greenhouse gas emissions at the same time. As of right now, Brazil is working on a plan to keep the Amazon Rainforest safe and out of harm’s way. Unfortunately, Brazil, along with fifteen other countries have been given proposals and ideas by people who want to keep the rainforest from being destroyed, however, these proposals contradict what Brazil is already doing. Brazil is becoming an economic superpower by harvesting lumber and timber from the forests’ (Rhett Butler). † They are in between deciding whether they should stop cutting down trees all together or not. A professor at University of Colorado named William Boyd said that â€Å"Brazil is not interested in giving industrialized countries cheap carbon credits from protecting the Amazon if they are not going to stop building coal-fired power plants (Rhett Butler). † Boyd works for REDD, a company that is cutting down the Amazon trees.REDD says that they are aware that by cutting down these trees my pose a possible threat to a climate change. Brazil did release a plan recently to reduce deforestation emissions by seventy percent. The plan went into affected in 1996 and stopped in 2005. To f und this program the President of Brazil planned on using donations from people and companies. So far the plan has worked really well. â€Å"Emissions are down from over half of what they were (Rhett Butler). † This means that deforestation is getting reduced some as well. Since emissions are down, tribes in the forest will not be suffering as much as they used to.Amazingly, the Amazon Rainforest used to have many Indians and tribes, but unfortunately due to colonization, diseases, and forced labor these tribes have been diminished from what they used to be. There are around two hundred indigenous tribes are still left in the Amazon Rainforest, with one hundred and eighty of them speaking a different language. Despite their differences, most of these tribes come together every year in the summer to celebrate their dead in a festival called the Kuarap. During this festival the Indians dance, practice rituals and games.Depending on the tribe leader, some outsiders are allowed t o view this amazing festival. The Kuarup is held within the rainforest, so if the rainforest is gone where are they supposed to have it? Something that is so sacred to these people could just vanish in an instant if we keep demolishing the rainforest. Fortunately, the indigenous tribe’s numbers are increasing slightly. Recent studies have shown that this is because the Brazilian Government has issued a single policy that states to just leave the tribes alone as they wish. Apparently it seems to be helping since their numbers are cumulating.The Brazilian Government is deciding on whether to set up an Indigenous Protected Area in which all the tribes can live without having to deal with outsiders. This brings up the question, is that a good idea? Having all the tribes in a confined space could cause problems between them due to territory and things like that. Also, many of the tribes are dangerous and will attack if they feel threatened by an outsider. â€Å"The population wit hin an Indian tribe can vary from two hundred to thirty thousand†, which just shows that you do not want to mess with a large group. The Indians are not afraid to kidnap if they have to.And this has happened before. There is a novel called Yanoa? ma: The Narrative of a White Girl Kidnapped by Amazonian Indians. This book is a story of a girl, Helena Valero, that got kidnapped by the Yanoama Indians who live in the Amazon rainforest. â€Å"The girl was captured when she was twelve because she and her father were attacked by the Indians (Valero pg 23). † They accidentally came upon a large group and took Helena as almost a â€Å"prize won† of some sorts. Throughout the book Helena goes through some extremely tough times in which she would sometimes rather die than be stuck in her hard situation.Once she got the chance, however, Helena escaped. She decided, however, not to go back to civilization since it had been such a long amount of time. â€Å"She lived by hers elf in the forest for seven months before she came across another tribe where she met her first husband Fusiwe†, who was the leader of the tribe. After a good amount of time had passed, Helena had a few sons with Fusiwe, but â€Å"their love was cut short because Fusiwe died. † A fellow tribe member wanted his leader position and was faster and stronger than him so murdered him.After his death her life was under threat because the new tribe leader believed that her sons would grow up and take advantage of their father’s old position. Once again poor Helena had to leave her home and find somewhere else. Luckily she was accepted quickly into another tribe who was more peaceful then the last. She remarried and had another two children. This time however, her new husband mistreated her so she decided to move back with society. After moving back with the civilized people â€Å"no one took care of her because of how changed and different she was. She may have had whit e skin on the outside, but her behavior was nowhere near acceptable to other people. Since she was in this situation she would starve a lot of the time because she had no money to buy food for herself. Eventually, Helena came to the conclusion that living with the Indians would be better then living with the society, so she decided to head back into the jungle to find her old tribe. â€Å"After forty years of living with them, she became old and blind. † Helena became very respected by her fellow Indians once she was in her older years. Her journey was unbelievable and made her a strong person.Helena came to love the rainforest and made the right decision by going back. Protecting the rainforest may not have been one of her goals; however she did protect it without noticing. By getting kidnapped this made others daunted and distressed to go back into the rainforest. Since no one was setting foot in the forest it was untouched for awhile, keeping it safe. As of right now, howe ver, it seems there are many ways to get into the forest without people knowing. For example, some products made out of the rainforest wood are pointless little gift boxes that can easily be lost or stolen.There’s websites up at this very moment that are selling patio furniture and arbours, which keep you from the shade. I find this extremely ironic because don’t rainforest trees already keep you from the shade? So why cut them down? There is a brighter side to this entire situation. Of course since it costs big bucks to get these trees brought into the United States, selling them at high prices isn’t a problem. This is helpful because this means that only rich folk with lots of money and no respect for the Earth will buy anything like arbours or patio furniture made of rainforest wood.In fact the process of cutting down rainforests isn’t pretty either. Bulldozing down all those trees won’t help anything. I believe that there is a solution to cutti ng down trees and harming the nature and people who live there. As of now to help the rainforest you can donate, join a group or even a campaign to try and help out. One of the biggest and first campaigns to â€Å"Save the Rainforest† was done in the nineties and was because of the fast food place, Burger King. The man Paul Chandler was one of the main credible men for this campaign.Burger King was importing beef from tropical areas and once the news found out it was all over. â€Å"Sales drastically dropped and Burger King cancelled thirty-five million dollars worth of beef contracts (Section About RAN). † By getting the media involved people began to notice the rainforest again. More protests started and other fast food restaurants were checked to see where their beef was coming from. This was a huge step in starting to help rainforests and soon another huge step will come. Paul is visiting Brazil and is against all the logging that they are doing and is attempting t o start another campaign.Preserving the rainforest is one of the most important things we can do. Since the Amazon Rainforest is so far away, helping it from the United States does seem problematic. However, I think there are a few solutions to helping it. On my own time, I decided to help my community pick up liter along the highway. Picking up liter along a highway was quite an experience. I ended up picking up liter with my church because they have a community service program. I decided to work with this church because I used to go to it all the time when I lived at home with my parents.My supervisor was my Pastor John Buchner. I asked him what he thought of me doing this to help the tribes in the Amazon Rainforest and his response was â€Å"I think it’s a great idea to do something like this to help, not only your community but also the rainforest. It’s spreading awareness about an issue that I had never really considered. † Littering our planet with McDonal d’s bags and beer cans isn’t the right thing to do. I believe that littering is an effective way to help clean the environment because it makes our planet cleaner and not looking so trashy.Although, if everyone did their own part in the first place and just didn’t liter at all, then we wouldn’t have to worry about littering, however this is not a realistic option. We will just have to pick up the liter that we see around. I have learned that many inconsiderate people liter and they don’t think about how it’s harming the Earth. Likewise, many people are killing the rainforest which is harming the Earth more than people realize. If we continue littering like this our planet will be destroyed, including the rainforests.Future generations are going to pay for the inconsiderate people who have been littering. I feel like it’s easy to not liter. All you need to do is find a trashcan. A few things came to my attention while on this experienc e. For example, once everyone realizes what they have done to the planet it will most likely be too late to fix things, just like once the rainforest is gone it will be too late to fix things. Rainforests have been on this planet for four hundred million years. They support the life that lives on this planet we call home.By destroying and obliterating hundreds of thousands of acres a day of rainforests, we are killing things we have yet to discover and that’s just a shame. Animals, plants and people all live on this planet together and rainforests support all of them by providing oxygen, food, shelter, medicine and many other things. Rainforest’s hold keys to many ancient civilizations because of all the tribes that still live within the forests. We can learn many things from these civilizations and that’s why I think they should be protected and saved because if we don’t attempt to save them now then they will be gone when we need them most.Overall, I be lieve that there are multiple ways to save the rainforest tribes from becoming obliterated. We still have so much to learn from them about our past so we need to preserve them for as long as we can. The newly updated forest code which prevents people from cutting down government owned rainforest property is going to keep tribes safe, together and out of harm’s way. When civilized people come onto indigenous Indian land, the Indians get afraid and attack them because of how past intruders have treated them. At least this new code will help keep the Indians alive for a longer period of time.Instead of buying rainforest hardwood floors from the United States, people should donate that money to organizations like REDD and RAN that will actually use that money to help save the tribes in the rainforest. We need to fight for these rainforests because they have so much to teach us. Helena, the girl captured by the Yanomami tribe, left the rainforest only to decide that she missed it and wanted to go back. However, if we kill off the last of the rainforest and its people then there is no going back and no second chances. This would be devastation to our planet.If suddenly twenty percent of the world’s oxygen was gone then the existence of many things would disappear around the world. Plus, the rainforest produces many medicines for ill people. There are still a number of plants that have not been discovered in the rainforest and maybe one of those plants will cure cancer. Keeping the rainforest and the indigenous people who live there alive is an amazing goal and not possible to do on my own. If we want to keep the people who live in the rainforests alive, then were going to all have to work together to keep our planet healthy and help people understand why we need them so badly.Work Cited Butler, Rhett A. â€Å"Brazil's Plan to save the Amazon Rainforest. † Conservation and Environmental Science News. 2 June 2009. Web. 22 Feb. 2012. . â€Å"Compa ny Information. † Wealth of the Rainforest. Carson City, NV, 1996. Web. 22 Feb. 2012. . Freddy. â€Å"Tribes of the Amazon Rainforest. † HotelClub Hotel and Travel Blog. 20 Sept. 2007. Web. 22 Feb. 2012. . â€Å"Our Mission and History. † Rainforest Action Network.Web. 11 Apr. 2012. . Valero, Helena, and Ettore Biocca. Yanoa? ma: The Narrative of a White Girl Kidnapped by Amazonian Indians. New York: Dutton, 1970. Print. â€Å"Hands Around the World. † Native American Indian Cultures. Web. 22 Feb. 2012. . Tollefson, Jeff. â€Å"Paying to Save the Rainforests. † University of Northern Colorado Libraries The Source Catalog. Nature Publishing Group. Web. 03 Feb. 2012. http://0- search. proquest. com. source. unco. edu/docview/204495428/abstract>.